Vitamin B1 Thiamine & the Paleo Diet-min

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) in the Paleo Diet

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Thiamine – it is not a vitamin you hear about often, but yet it is vital to the functioning of your body. You see, Vitamin B1 is used in the body to maintain cellular function, and it is important to keep all the organs working as they should. It helps along in producing energy from carbohydrates, and also supports the working of the nervous system.

People who consume a lot of highly processed foods, sweets and sodas are at a higher risk of Vitamin B1 deficiency – which is one reason why the Paleo Diet is great for maintaining health. In addition, a deficiency can occur because of alcohol abuse, liver disorders, kidney dialysis, and over-dieting, and you might need more B1 if you have chronic stress, or are a smoker. How do you know you might be deficient? Aspects that can indicate that are a feeling of numbness or muscle tenderness (especially in the legs), loss of appetite, and frequent “pins and needles” sensations. Vitamin B1 deficiency also causes the syndromes of beriberi, Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, and optic neuropathy.

But let’s look at the bright side! Sufficient consumption may play a role in the prevention or treatment of a number of health conditions, including alcoholism, Alzheimer’s, Crohn’s disease, congestive heart failure, depression, epilepsy, fibromyalgia, Korsakoff’s psychosis, multiple sclerosis, and Wernicke’s encephalopathy. But knowing that it supports muscle function, brain health and learning capacity, and acts as an antioxidant should be a good enough reason to include more of it in your diet!

How much Vitamin B1 do you need?

The recommended daily amount is 1.4mg, and there appears to be no upper limit you should be worried about, since high doses do not appear to carry a risk of toxicity.

Vitamin B1 Thiamine & the Paleo Diet-min

Where can you get thiamine from?

The Paleo Diet is a great way of getting optimal levels of Vitamin B1. Below are some of the best sources of Thiamine – do you already include them in your diet?

  1. Sesame seeds and tahini (sesame butter) – A staple in Middle-Eastern cuisine, sesame butter provides 106% of your daily need of thiamine in 100g, one tablespoon providing 15%. An easy way of including tahini in your meals is to make a simple sauce from it – mix it with a bit of lemon juice and salt, adding water to reach a good consistency – then eat it with roasted or grilled vegetables.  Sunflower seeds that provide 7.5% of daily Thiamine in a tablespoon, are a great addition to salads and stir-frys. Yum!
  2. Tuna – Here’s a great reason for adding tuna to your salad or cooking a tuna steak for dinner –  just 120 g of tuna will provide as much as 40% of your daily need of Thiamine.
  3. Sunflower seeds – Another great addition to your salads or home-made trail mix you can have on the go, sunflower seeds provide 6% of your daily need of vitamin B1 in two tablespoons.
  4. Pork chops – Trying to decide what meat you want to have for dinner? Why not go for pork chops?  A serving of just 100g  provides 83% of your daily Thiamine need.
  5. Asparagus – This micronutrient-dense spring vegetable is also a great source of Thiamine. 1 cup of asparagus stalks will cover 12.7% of your daily need.
  6. Spinach – Yet another reason to add spinach to your diet! 1 cup of cooked spinach provides 11.3% of your daily Vitamin B1 need. If you’re not a fan of spinach by itself, try adding it to smoothies – you’ll be surprised at how much of it you’ll be able to eat.
  7. Pineapple – A cup of pineapple pieces will provide you with 8.7% of your daily need. This is a great reason to end your meal with some juicy slices, or using pineapples to prepare an exotic smoothie.
  8. Oranges – Just one fruit provides you with 7.3% of your daily Thiamine need, making oranges a great snack to have on the go. Also, you can try adding orange slices to salads – delicious!

What else do you need to know about the consumption of vitamin B1?

The adequate absorption of Thiamin requires a good supply of vitamins B6, B12, and folic acid, so it is important that you get good overall nutrition from whole foods – for which the Paleo Diet is a great solution.

How Cooking and Food Preparation Affects Thiamine

Thiamine is a water-soluble vitamin, which means it dissolves in water and is easily destroyed by heat. This is important to consider when cooking your food. Boiling vegetables for extended periods can lead to a significant loss of Vitamin B1, especially if the cooking water is discarded. To retain more of this valuable nutrient, opt for steaming, quick sautéing, or lightly roasting thiamine-rich vegetables. Where possible, eat foods raw or minimally cooked to protect this delicate vitamin.

Blanching and Stir-Frying for Better Retention

When preparing greens like spinach or asparagus, a quick blanch or stir-fry can help preserve their B1 content. Using a cast-iron or stainless-steel pan with a touch of olive or coconut oil, stir-fry veggies for just a few minutes until vibrant. This technique not only saves time but also ensures you're getting more of the vitamins your body needs.

Who’s Most at Risk for Thiamine Deficiency?

Thiamine deficiency doesn’t just happen in developing countries or among extreme cases. In modern Western diets, many people unknowingly fall short due to high consumption of refined carbs, alcohol, and processed snacks. People at higher risk include:

  • Those following a high-carb, low-nutrient diet (especially white flour-based foods and sugary drinks)
  • Individuals with chronic alcohol use, which interferes with absorption and storage of thiamine
  • Older adults, whose absorption efficiency tends to decline with age
  • People under prolonged stress or with adrenal fatigue
  • Pregnant or breastfeeding women, due to increased nutritional demands

Even athletes or people following intense fitness regimens may benefit from increased B1 intake, given its role in energy production and muscle performance.

Thiamine and Mental Clarity

Did you know that thiamine is essential for optimal brain function? It plays a key role in the metabolism of glucose, which is the brain’s primary source of energy. A deficiency can lead to foggy thinking, memory issues, and even mood imbalances. If you’ve been feeling mentally sluggish or unusually irritable, poor B1 intake could be a hidden factor.

Support Cognitive Health Naturally

Instead of reaching for stimulants or quick fixes, try increasing thiamine-rich whole foods in your diet. Pork, seeds, and leafy greens support your brain without the crash. Many followers of a Paleo lifestyle report clearer thinking, better sleep, and improved energy after just a few weeks of nutrient-dense eating.

Can You Supplement Vitamin B1 on Paleo?

While it’s best to get nutrients from real food, certain circumstances may warrant supplementation. If you’re under high stress, recovering from illness, or find it hard to eat enough thiamine-rich foods, a B-complex supplement could help. Look for activated forms, such as benfotiamine or thiamine pyrophosphate, which may be better absorbed.

Always check with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement, particularly if you're managing other health conditions or taking medication.

Pairing Thiamine with Other Nutrients

As mentioned earlier, thiamine works best when consumed alongside other key nutrients. Here’s how to make the most of your Paleo meals:

  • B1 + Healthy Fat: Pair your seeds or pork with avocado or olive oil to support cell function.
  • B1 + Magnesium: Magnesium aids in thiamine activation. Include nuts, cacao, and leafy greens.
  • B1 + B12 + Folate: All essential for neurological health. Eggs, leafy greens, and liver are top Paleo picks.

Building meals with synergy in mind ensures your body uses nutrients effectively – and keeps you feeling your best.

Signs You're Getting Enough

So how do you know if your diet is delivering enough Vitamin B1? Some positive signs include:

  • Stable energy levels throughout the day
  • Improved concentration and mental focus
  • Strong appetite regulation
  • Better sleep quality and less restlessness
  • Healthy nerve function (no numbness or tingling)

Unlike some nutrients that take a long time to show benefits, thiamine often delivers noticeable improvements quite quickly – especially when correcting a mild deficiency.

Easy Ways to Add More B1 to Everyday Meals

Adding B1-rich foods to your regular meals doesn’t have to mean an overhaul. Try these ideas:

  • Sprinkle sunflower seeds over salads or roast vegetables for a satisfying crunch
  • Use tahini as a base for salad dressings or drizzle over steamed broccoli
  • Add spinach to scrambled eggs or blend into savoury smoothies
  • Top a breakfast hash with grilled pork slices for a hearty, nutrient-packed meal
  • Mix asparagus into stir-fries or roast in olive oil with garlic and lemon zest

Small tweaks can lead to big results – especially when they become consistent habits.

Thiamine for Active Lifestyles

If you train regularly or are physically active, you likely burn through more B1 than sedentary individuals. It’s essential for converting glucose into energy, particularly during intense exercise. Consider building a post-workout recovery meal that includes B1-rich protein, like pork or tuna, alongside starchy vegetables and leafy greens to replenish nutrient stores and promote recovery.

Final Thoughts on B1 in a Paleo Diet

Vitamin B1 may not get the same spotlight as vitamin D or omega-3s, but its role in energy, cognition, and nervous system function is just as crucial. Fortunately, the Paleo framework – rich in wholefoods and naturally low in processed ingredients – makes it easy to meet your needs. From pork and seeds to greens and tropical fruit, you’re already halfway there by embracing a real food philosophy.

Pay attention to the nutrients behind the scenes – and your body will thank you for it.

So, what do you think – are you going to include more B1-rich foods into your diet? Maybe you have good recipes to share for using these specific foods? Do share in the comments!

Ramadan & Intermittant Fasting paleo diet-min

Ramadan and Intermittent Fasting on a Paleo Diet

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You might be aware that the Islamic month of Ramadan has just started. Having just arrived on my travels in a Muslim country, I've been doing a lot of reading on the subject – from a Paleo perspective.

Ramadan is a month of fasting , where Muslims from all around the world start their fast at sunrise, and don’t eat or drink until sunset – for the whole month. Fasting is something I've read a lot about, and tried myself in the form of Intermittent Fasting. In the Paleo world intermittent fasting refers to the not eating part – people undertaking an intermittent fast drink water. Some people even take BCAA (Branch Chain Amino Acids) to decrease cravings and hunger signals at the level of the brain – something that wouldn't be done in Ramadan.

As so many people fast during this time, a lot of scientific studies have been conducted – with very interesting results. Whilst intermittent fasting as part of a Paleo protocol is different to fasting during Ramadan, there is still a lot of useful learning from these studies.

A number of studies concern diabetes – and have shown during Ramadan, diabetics blood glucose levels are far more stable. A study on a group of students also demonstrated that over the month weight loss was common; more significantly in overweight participants. Studies have also shown a significant decrease in markers of inflammation during the month of Ramadan, which is speculated to decrease the risk of heart disease.

Ramadan & Intermittant Fasting paleo diet-min

One area of Ramadan that is hard to reconcile to intermittent fasting, is diet. Many people will break their fast on Ramadan with the refined carbohydrates that someone breaking a Paleo intermittent fast would avoid. What impact does this have on the application of Ramadan studies to understanding the benefits of a Paleo intermittent fast? Another part of Ramadan which is hard to quantify is the peacefulness that surrounds the period – something which must surely have health benefits?

Whilst clearly limited, the studies conducted on Ramadan certainly seem to imply eating less frequently has many benefits. This is completely contrary to the conventional wisdom advice, which is often to snack frequently, and eat lots of small meals.

It’s going to be an interesting time being in the midst of Ramadan. I’d love to hear your thoughts and experiences of Ramadan and intermittent fasting in general. Do you think it’s beneficial to health? Have you ever fasted?

Where Does Your Fish Come From Australia New Zealand paleo diet frozen-min

Where Does Your Fish Really Come From?

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Living on a great big island surrounded by the sea, I had always assumed the fish sold in Australia would be, well, Australian. If not Australian, perhaps from neighbouring New Zealand?

I was horrified in my local supermarket (the photos are from Coles, but Woolworths was a similar story) to look at the frozen fish on offer – I couldn’t find a single offering of Australian or New Zealand fish! It was also quite hard to even see the origin, as it seemed to be almost hidden on the labelling.

The one pack that had New Zealand fish was “made” in China. I want to eat local fish – and if it’s being shipped halfway around the world (and back) to be “made”, that raises a lot of questions in my mind about the manufacturing process, freshness, control and quality.

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The fish in the photo are labelled as being from (or made in) Vietnam, Malaysia, China – or more worryingly just “from local and imported ingredients”. For all the good that last label does, perhaps the local ingredient is the packaging they come in – and imported could mean absolutely anywhere!

Fish is something I’m particularly concerned to source well. After the Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan, record levels of radiation have been found in local sea life. I just don’t want to eat food that might contain radio active material. A reasonable request?

There are also issues around differing mercury levels in different oceans – and the whole argument around farmed fish and sustainable fish. It is really important to know exactly what you are eating and where it is from.

Ideally we would all catch our own fish, or failing that go to a fish market or monger. But unfortunately, sometimes we’re busy working and need to rely on other sources for our food. For something as simple as fish, I would love to be able to buy local, in my local store – and to be confident about it’s origin, freshness and past!

I’d love to know where you get your fish – and if you’d ever buy frozen? Does the source of your fish worry you, as much as it does me?

Where Does Your Fish Come From Australia New Zealand paleo diet frozen-min

How to Choose Better Fish in Australia

If you're trying to eat more consciously, especially within the Paleo framework, fish is one of the most beneficial foods you can include. But that benefit quickly vanishes when the fish you're buying is riddled with unknowns—questionable origins, vague labelling, or long journeys that compromise its quality. So how do you source fish that aligns with both your health values and ethical concerns? Let’s explore the practical steps you can take to ensure you’re choosing better, cleaner, and more sustainable fish.

Understanding Seafood Labelling in Australia

In Australia, labelling laws for seafood are often a source of frustration for consumers. Unlike fresh seafood at a fish market or deli counter, packaged and frozen seafood is not legally required to disclose the country of origin in a clearly visible format. While businesses must include country-of-origin labelling, it’s often in small print or hidden on the back, and processed or mixed-origin products can use vague statements like “local and imported ingredients.” This doesn’t help consumers who want to avoid fish imported from regions with lower safety and environmental standards.

What’s worse is the deliberate opacity in the processing chain. A product might be “caught in New Zealand” but “processed in China,” which raises many questions about how the fish was handled, stored, and altered along the way. If you're buying fish for its health benefits, this convoluted journey could be undermining your intentions.

Why Local and Wild-Caught Really Matters

When it comes to seafood, “local” often means fresher, more transparent, and better regulated. Australia and New Zealand both have strong fisheries management systems and relatively low contamination risks compared to some overseas suppliers. Wild-caught fish from clean waters are less likely to have accumulated heavy metals or environmental toxins like PCBs or dioxins.

Farmed fish, depending on where it's raised, may be fed unnatural diets, treated with antibiotics, and housed in overcrowded conditions. In contrast, locally caught wild fish tend to be richer in omega-3s and free from the harmful additives used in some overseas aquaculture operations.

What to Avoid When Buying Fish

  • Generic labelling: Avoid packages that say “from local and imported ingredients.” That’s code for “we don’t want to tell you.”
  • Multiple countries listed: If you see two or more countries mentioned, it often means the fish was caught in one country and processed in another, usually to save money.
  • “Made in” vs “Product of”: “Made in” often refers to where processing occurred, not where the fish was caught. Always prefer “Product of Australia” when possible.

Best Fish Choices in Australia

If you want to buy smarter, here are some fish varieties that are typically considered safer, more sustainable, and paleo-friendly within Australia:

  • Australian wild-caught salmon: While rare, it can occasionally be sourced fresh. More often, opt for wild Alaskan if it's available and clearly labelled.
  • Barramundi: A great Aussie favourite, barramundi is often farmed in Australia under higher standards than imports. Look for “Australian-farmed” on the label.
  • Flathead and whiting: These are commonly caught in local waters and available fresh at fishmongers or markets.
  • Sardines: Small oily fish like sardines are often sustainably caught and have lower mercury levels due to their size and short lifespan. South Australian sardines are particularly good.

Tips for Finding Quality Fish Locally

You don’t always need to shop at a high-end fishmonger to find decent fish. Here are some tips for sourcing better fish even when shopping at mainstream retailers:

  • Shop at the deli counter, not the freezer aisle. You can ask questions and usually find more accurate country-of-origin information.
  • Check your local farmers’ markets. Coastal regions often have stalls run by local fishermen or co-ops.
  • Ask your fishmonger. A good fishmonger will always be upfront about the source and freshness of their stock. If they’re vague, it’s a red flag.
  • Read the fine print. Yes, it’s annoying. But turning over the packet might be the only way to find out where the fish truly comes from.

When You Really Need Frozen Fish

Sometimes, frozen is the only option—especially if you live inland or need something that will keep longer. In this case, your best bet is to choose products labelled “wild caught” and “product of Australia or New Zealand.” Avoid fish that’s been breaded, seasoned, or pre-cooked, as these often include processed oils, wheat, and mystery ingredients.

Vacuum-sealed frozen fish with clear catch information can still be a good compromise. Look for packaging that includes the species name, catch method (like line-caught or trawled), and catch area. If it’s MSC (Marine Stewardship Council) certified, that’s another reassuring sign.

The Bigger Picture: Sustainability and Food Sovereignty

Supporting local fisheries is about more than just your health—it’s about sustainability, employment, and reducing your carbon footprint. Buying Australian or New Zealand seafood helps ensure money stays in the local economy, supports responsible environmental practices, and reduces the food miles your dinner travels.

When we outsource food production to countries with looser regulations, we lose control over quality, labour standards, and ecological impacts. Choosing locally caught fish is a small but powerful way to vote with your dollar for a better food system.

Have You Checked Your Own Freezer?

If you're feeling curious, take a look through your freezer or pantry and see where your fish products really come from. You might be surprised how little you know about their origins. Next time you're at the supermarket, make it a point to compare the labels and see just how much information is being kept vague or hidden.

Real food, like fish, should be simple. It should be something we can trace back to its source, something we can feel good about feeding to our families. The next time you’re shopping, consider this: if you wouldn’t drink water from an unlabelled bottle, why eat fish from an untraceable source?

8 signs that you are gluten intolerant celiac-min

8 Signs That You Are Gluten Intolerant

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The Paleo diet is completely gluten free, since it omits grains entirely. When going Paleo many people (who previously thought that had no issues with gluten) find that many symptoms they used to have completely disappear. It also seems common for a rare gluten exposure to have quite an impact, even though the person may have consumed gluten everyday previously. Are you gluten intolerant?

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What’s the difference between celiac disease & being gluten intolerant?

Celiac disease is a severe, sudden immune reaction to the protein gluten, which has immediate autoimmune reactions. It prevents the sufferer from absorbing essential nutrients. Gluten intolerance is on the same spectrum, but the reaction to gluten is not so sudden – and even harder to clinically diagnose. Unfortunately tests for celiac disease and being gluten intolerant are not as advanced as you might imagine – and it can be very difficult to get a clinical diagnoses. The best way to find out how gluten affects you is to undertake a strict elimination diet – luckily the Paleo diet does just this.

8 signs that you are gluten intolerant

  1. Gastrointestinal (GI), stomach and digestive issues; perhaps gas, bloating, cramping, constipation, diarrhea or IBS
  2. Headaches or migraines
  3. Fibromyalgia or chronic fatigue
  4. Sudden mood shifts, irritability or depression
  5. Dizziness, balance problems and tingling or numb hands and feet
  6. Another autoimmune disease diagnose (perhaps as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Multiple Sclerosis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Lupus, Psoriasis, Scleroderma or Ulcerative colitis)
  7. Hormone imbalances or unexplained infertility
  8. Inflammation, swelling or joint pain

If you've got any of these symptoms and still consume gluten, it’s definitely worth strictly excluding gluten – and going strict Paleo – for 30 days.

And why you mustn't go “gluten-free”…

You can’t fail to notice the commercialism of “gluten-free”. There is a gluten-free version of everything – and often the ingredients are quite frightening. To achieve the properties that gluten provides in things like bread and cakes, the manufacturers often have to use dozens of ingredients that you probably haven’t heard of. Not Paleo – and not good for you either. Whilst gluten is a particularly problematic protein, lots of other grain proteins are believed to have similar reactions. The healthiest way to go gluten free, is to avoid substitutes – and eat real, whole, Paleo foods! Instead of buying gluten-free bread and cakes, find alternatives to bread – and change your diet completely!

Should You Cut Out Gluten for Good?

If you suspect gluten might be the cause of your symptoms – even if they seem unrelated to digestion – it's well worth trying a 30-day elimination using the Paleo diet. Because Paleo naturally removes all grains (not just wheat), it provides a clear and effective way to assess how gluten, and similar compounds, affect your body.

Remember: going Paleo is not the same as just going “gluten-free”. Many commercial gluten-free products are ultra-processed, high in sugar, and loaded with unfamiliar additives – far from the nutrient-dense, real food approach Paleo encourages. In fact, many people who go gluten-free without changing the rest of their diet don’t see any benefit at all. That’s why focusing on whole, unprocessed, naturally gluten-free foods is the best way to support your gut, energy levels, and long-term health.

If you're experiencing bloating, brain fog, joint pain, fatigue or any of the signs listed above – and still eating gluten – now is the time to test things for yourself.

Try this:
Commit to 30 days of strict Paleo (no grains, no dairy, no legumes, no processed foods). Keep a journal of how you feel. You might be amazed at the improvements – and shocked by how strongly your body reacts if you reintroduce gluten later on.

How does gluten affect you? Do you completely avoid gluten? I’d love to hear your comments, below!

Have You Gone Gluten-Free or Tried Paleo?

I'd love to hear from you. Did cutting gluten change your life? Are you still struggling with symptoms you suspect are food-related? Or maybe you've accidentally reintroduced gluten and felt the effects? Share your experience in the comments below — your story might be just the motivation someone else needs to take the first step.

Let’s continue the conversation and support each other on the journey to better health, one real food meal at a time.

Why Gluten Intolerance Is More Common Than You Think

Even though gluten has been a part of the modern Western diet for centuries, it’s only recently that we’ve started to question its role in chronic health issues. While coeliac disease is widely recognised, gluten intolerance and non-coeliac gluten sensitivity are far more common – and often missed. One of the most eye-opening parts of going Paleo is discovering just how many symptoms are linked to gluten — even in people who assumed they had no problem with it at all.

What Is Gluten, Really?

Gluten is a group of proteins found in wheat, barley, rye, and spelt. Its elastic properties are what give bread its chew and pasta its bite. But these same proteins are increasingly being recognised as problematic for many people — not just those with a formal coeliac diagnosis.

Gluten can be inflammatory, difficult to digest, and disruptive to gut health. For some, the effects are immediate and obvious. For others, gluten causes subtle, chronic symptoms that can take years to link back to diet.

Gluten Intolerance vs Coeliac Disease: A Quick Overview

It’s important to distinguish between coeliac disease and gluten intolerance:

  • Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disorder where the ingestion of gluten causes the immune system to attack the lining of the small intestine.

  • Non-coeliac gluten sensitivity may not show up on blood tests or biopsies but still triggers symptoms such as bloating, fatigue, headaches, and brain fog.

In both cases, the body is signalling that gluten is not being tolerated — just in different ways.

The Gut-Brain Connection

Many people think gluten issues begin and end in the digestive tract, but that’s far from the full picture. Thanks to the gut-brain axis, gluten can also influence mood, concentration, memory, and even behaviour. Anxiety, depression, and ADHD symptoms have all been reported to improve on a gluten-free or Paleo diet — particularly when gut health is supported at the same time.

This is why keeping a symptom journal can be so powerful during your 30-day Paleo trial. You might discover that a foggy brain, restless sleep, or skin issues were quietly linked to the bread or cereal you thought was harmless.

What Happens When You Remove Gluten?

Once gluten is removed and the gut starts to heal, many people report benefits such as:

  • Fewer digestive issues (like bloating, reflux or irregular bowel movements)

  • Clearer skin

  • Better mood and concentration

  • Reduced joint pain and inflammation

  • Increased energy

  • Improvements in hormonal balance

  • Enhanced immune function

The flip side? Many also find that a small reintroduction of gluten — even a crumb of bread or a splash of soy sauce — can lead to a strong reaction once they’re off it. This isn’t unusual; your body becomes more sensitive to something it sees as inflammatory once it’s no longer a regular part of your system.

Why a Paleo Diet Makes It Easy

Going Paleo automatically removes all sources of gluten — no label-reading required. You’ll be focusing on real food: vegetables, meat, seafood, eggs, fruit, nuts, and healthy fats. And without gluten acting as a hidden inflammatory trigger, your gut and immune system have a chance to reset.

Many people turn to Paleo after trying a traditional gluten-free diet and feeling frustrated that symptoms persist. That’s usually because gluten-free products are still highly processed and full of starches, sugars, and gums that can be just as disruptive as gluten itself. Paleo skips all that and focuses on real nourishment — the kind your body actually recognises and thrives on.

Still on the Fence?

If you’re unsure whether gluten is an issue for you, there’s only one way to know for sure: eliminate it 100% for a minimum of 30 days and observe how your body responds. At the end of the trial, try a small reintroduction (like a piece of bread or a baked good) and see what happens. You may be shocked at how clear your body makes it.

Over to you: Have you experienced any surprising changes after giving up gluten? Are you thinking about trying Paleo to see if your symptoms improve? I’d love to hear your story — drop it in the comments below. Let’s support each other on the journey back to real food and better health.

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Are You Getting Too Much Vitamin A?

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What is Vitamin A?

Vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin, which is either found ready formed – for example in animal products such as meat and dairy – or as pro-vitamin A, beta carotene, in fruits and vegetables. Beta carotene is then converted into Vitamin A in the body, with the help of the hormone thyroid.

Vitamin A is crucial for many functions, such as vision, reproduction, breastfeeding and in maintaining healthy skin, teeth and bones.

Liver is a great source of vitamin A. For beta carotene, the more intensely coloured the fruit or vegetables – the higher the amount of beta carotene it provides. Supplements wise, cod liver oil is an excellent source (just make sure you check the ingredients and choose a good quality supplement).

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Vitamin A Toxicity

If you don’t get enough vitamin A you can experience immune and vision issues – but conversely it is equally problematic getting too much. In fact excess vitamin A has even been shown to result in birth defects. Excessive consumption of beta carotene is not so serious, but it will make your skin turn yellow or orange, which would look rather alarming! Fortunately the skin will return to it’s normal colour once intake of beta carotene is reduced.

Another issue with excessive levels of vitamin A, are that it appears to reduce the bodies ability to utilise Vitamin D. As people tend to be deficient in Vitamin D (perhaps more so than Vitamin A), this could be a real problem. As with so many vitamins and minerals, it appears having a good balance is crucial.

Best Natural Food Sources of Vitamin A

When aiming to boost your vitamin A levels through real food, animal-based sources are by far the most effective. This is because they provide the active form of vitamin A, known as retinol, which your body can use immediately without needing to convert it. Organ meats top the list, with liver being the most concentrated source. A small portion of beef or lamb liver just once a week can cover your entire weekly requirement.

Other excellent animal-based sources include:

  • Egg yolks (especially from pasture-raised hens)
  • Butter and ghee from grass-fed cows
  • Oily fish like sardines and salmon
  • Full-fat dairy products (if tolerated)

On the plant side, beta carotene provides a precursor to vitamin A and is found in vibrant orange, yellow, and dark green vegetables. However, conversion rates vary between individuals, depending on factors like thyroid function, genetics, and overall diet. The richest sources of beta carotene include:

  • Sweet potatoes
  • Carrots
  • Pumpkin
  • Dark leafy greens like kale and spinach
  • Butternut squash

How Vitamin A Supports Your Immune System

Vitamin A plays a central role in maintaining a strong immune defence. It helps form the mucous membranes lining your respiratory tract, gut, and urinary tract—your body’s first line of defence against invading pathogens. These mucous layers rely on vitamin A to stay moist, thick, and effective at trapping and removing viruses and bacteria.

In fact, one of the earliest symptoms of vitamin A deficiency is a higher susceptibility to colds, flu, and respiratory infections. Without adequate vitamin A, your immune system struggles to activate T-cells, which are essential for fighting off illness.

This is particularly important for children, the elderly, and anyone with an autoimmune condition. Ensuring your diet includes sufficient amounts of bioavailable vitamin A can help keep your immune response robust and reduce recovery time from illnesses.

Vitamin A and Skin Health

Vitamin A is often referred to as the “skin vitamin” for good reason. It supports cell turnover and regeneration, which are vital for healthy skin tone and texture. A deficiency can lead to dry, rough, or flaky skin, and in more extreme cases, a condition known as follicular hyperkeratosis, where the skin becomes thick and bumpy—particularly on the arms and thighs.

Topical forms of vitamin A, such as retinol, are commonly used in skincare, but nourishing your skin from the inside out with food sources can be just as powerful. Many people who increase their intake of liver, eggs, and colourful vegetables report clearer, smoother, and more resilient skin over time.

Can You Absorb Enough Vitamin A on a Plant-Based Diet?

While beta carotene in plants can be converted into vitamin A, the process is not always efficient. Some people carry a genetic variant that significantly reduces their ability to convert beta carotene into active vitamin A. This is particularly relevant for those following a vegetarian or vegan diet, where animal-based sources are excluded entirely.

For individuals with thyroid imbalances, digestive issues, or poor liver function, conversion can be even more impaired. In such cases, relying solely on plant sources may not be enough to meet your needs, making it essential to monitor your health and consider testing your nutrient status through a qualified practitioner.

Testing and Balancing Vitamin A Levels

If you're unsure whether you're getting too little—or too much—vitamin A, consider having your blood levels tested. A holistic practitioner or integrative GP can assess both your vitamin A and vitamin D levels to see how they’re interacting. Remember, it’s all about balance. You don’t want one fat-soluble vitamin to crowd out another.

Some signs that your vitamin A levels may be low include:

  • Dry eyes or night blindness
  • Increased frequency of colds or infections
  • Rough, dry, or peeling skin
  • Difficulty conceiving or irregular cycles

On the other hand, symptoms of vitamin A excess may include:

  • Headaches and nausea
  • Bone pain or fragility
  • Dizziness
  • Peeling or cracked lips

Safe Supplementation Practices

For those considering a vitamin A supplement, especially in the form of cod liver oil, it’s critical to check the label and dosage. Many high-quality cod liver oils now balance their vitamin A and vitamin D ratios to reflect ancestral diets more closely. Still, it’s easy to overdo it, particularly if you’re also eating liver or fortified foods.

When supplementing, less is more. A rotational approach—such as taking cod liver oil a few days per week and eating liver once every 7 to 10 days—can help avoid both deficiency and toxicity. And as always, food should come first. Supplements should fill in the gaps, not replace whole, nutrient-dense meals.

Vitamin A and the Paleo Diet

One of the great benefits of following a paleo diet is that it naturally includes many of the best sources of vitamin A. From liver pâté and slow-cooked beef cheeks to roasted sweet potatoes and hearty kale salads, it’s easy to build meals that support optimal intake without needing synthetic vitamins or processed foods.

Rather than counting micrograms or tracking conversions, a Paleo approach allows you to eat intuitively from a wide variety of foods, trusting that a nose-to-tail and plant-diverse diet will deliver what your body needs—when combined with adequate sun exposure, rest, and movement.

Are You Getting the Right Balance?

In the end, it’s not just about vitamin A in isolation. The body works as a system, and nutrients interact with each other in complex ways. Keeping your fat-soluble vitamins in balance—A, D, E, and K—is key to ensuring each one functions optimally. Rather than megadosing or avoiding these nutrients altogether, aim for moderate, food-based intake and regular testing where possible.

If you’ve never tracked your vitamin A intake or tested your levels, it might be worth exploring. Real food is powerful—and when used wisely, it can be one of your best tools for lifelong health.

Have you had your levels checked? How were they? Are you concerned about toxicity? Please share your experiences in the comments below.

Paleo Diet Primal Sleep Problems Blue Light Blockers-min

Is Blue Light Ruining Your Sleep?

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How is your sleep? If you’re struggling to get to sleep – or to get a decent amount of sleep, have you though that the problem might lie with your circadian rhythms? And that exposure to blue light may be messing up your circadian rhythms?

How we’re supposed to sleep

If you go camping, away from towns and cities, you might have noticed you get tired much earlier than you would do normally? When the only light after dark comes from a campfire, the signal to your body to produce melatonin, the sleep hormone. As soon as the sun rises the next morning, melatonin production slows down, telling your body it is daytime – and time to wake up and get going. For this reason light is absolutely crucial to your bodies internal body clock. The incredible range of sleeping potions on sale is surely proof at how widespread sleeping problems are.

Unfortunately the unnatural, man made lights that we all rely on, give off the same lights as the sun – signalling to our bodies that it is daytime. And most definitely not time to sleep. Blue light is everywhere; household lights, your computer, ipad, laptop, tv,street lighting, alarm clocks – it is hard to escape blue light. As well as messing up with natural sleeping patterns, excessive blue light exposure is also linked to increased cancer risk and an increased chance of obesity.

Paleo Diet Primal Sleep Problems Blue Light Blockers-min

How can we escape blue light?

Fortunately there are measures you can take to limit your exposure to blue light:

  • After sunset, turn off all bright lights in your house (use candlelight or orange or red light bulbs)
  • Stop using electronics after dark…
  • …But if you must use your computer after dark, install the free f.lux program to minimise blue light
  • Make your bedroom as dark as possible, install blackout blinds (or go for the cheap option and stick card against the windows at night)
  • Sleep with an eye mask
  • Go one step further and wear blue light blocking glasses after dark (with orange, amber or red tinted lenses)

Other Disruptors to Circadian Rhythms

While blue light is one of the most significant disruptors of melatonin production, it’s not the only factor influencing your circadian rhythm. Stress, inconsistent sleep-wake times, lack of daylight exposure, shift work, and even poor meal timing can all throw your internal clock out of sync. To optimise sleep, it’s important to take a holistic view of your lifestyle — not just your bedtime routine.

One of the lesser-known issues is inconsistent wake times. If you sleep in on weekends and wake up early on weekdays, your body struggles to anchor a regular rhythm. This “social jet lag” can leave you feeling tired, moody, and foggy — even if you technically got enough sleep the night before.

The Role of Morning Light

Just as reducing blue light exposure at night is crucial, seeking bright light in the morning is equally important. When sunlight enters your eyes within the first hour of waking, it sends a powerful signal to your brain to suppress melatonin and start producing cortisol — the hormone that gives you energy and alertness to begin your day.

Ideally, get outside for 10–15 minutes shortly after waking. Even on cloudy days, outdoor light is significantly brighter than indoor lighting. If that's not possible, consider investing in a full-spectrum light therapy lamp to mimic natural light indoors.

The Sleep-Temperature Connection

Did you know your body temperature needs to drop slightly for you to fall asleep? Exposure to artificial light, heavy meals, or evening workouts can elevate body temperature, making it harder to wind down. Creating a cool, dark sleep environment can help send the right signals to your brain that it’s time to rest.

Set your bedroom temperature between 16–19°C, and avoid hot showers or baths immediately before bed unless you finish them at least an hour before lights out. Some people find success using cooling mattresses or bamboo sheets that help regulate body temperature through the night.

Movement, But Not Too Late

Exercise is one of the most effective tools for promoting deep, restorative sleep. It helps balance stress hormones, improves insulin sensitivity, and increases time spent in slow-wave sleep. However, timing matters. Vigorous training too close to bedtime can leave you feeling wired and restless, especially if it raises your core temperature or stimulates the nervous system.

Try scheduling your workouts earlier in the day. If evening is your only option, opt for gentler activities such as walking, stretching, or yoga. These can help release tension and promote relaxation without spiking adrenaline or cortisol levels.

The Sleep Impact of Late-Night Eating

Another underappreciated factor in poor sleep is late-night eating. Consuming meals too close to bedtime can disrupt digestion, raise body temperature, and even affect insulin and melatonin production. While this is often overlooked, circadian biology research shows that our metabolism follows a daily rhythm — and eating late can confuse your internal body clock.

To support better sleep, try to finish your final meal at least two to three hours before bed. If you’re genuinely hungry later in the evening, opt for a small, protein-rich snack rather than something sugary or high in carbohydrates. Avoid alcohol and caffeine as both interfere with sleep quality and your ability to reach deeper sleep stages.

Natural Sleep Promoters

If you’ve optimised your light exposure and sleep environment and still struggle to fall or stay asleep, there are natural remedies that can support your efforts. While they’re not a substitute for good habits, the following options may help smooth the transition into sleep:

  • Magnesium: A mineral known for promoting muscle relaxation and calming the nervous system. Magnesium glycinate or citrate forms are often recommended before bed.
  • Herbal teas: Chamomile, lemon balm, and passionflower teas can be soothing and support natural sleep onset.
  • L-theanine: An amino acid found in green tea, known to promote alpha brain waves and help reduce anxiety without drowsiness.
  • Glycine: An amino acid that may help lower core body temperature and promote sleep quality when taken before bed.

Creating a Calming Sleep Ritual

One of the most powerful ways to signal your body that it’s time to sleep is to create a consistent, soothing bedtime routine. This doesn’t have to be elaborate — the goal is to unwind, unplug, and prepare your mind for rest. Here are a few ideas to incorporate into your nightly routine:

  • Dim lights at least an hour before bed
  • Put away screens and opt for a paper book or journal
  • Use essential oils like lavender or cedarwood for their calming effects
  • Take a few minutes to stretch, breathe deeply, or meditate
  • Write down a few things you’re grateful for to shift your focus to the positive

Final Thoughts on Supporting Circadian Health

Our modern environment is filled with challenges to good sleep — artificial light, stress, irregular routines, and constant stimulation. But by understanding how circadian rhythms work and making a few targeted changes to your daily habits, you can dramatically improve your sleep quality without relying on medications or sleep aids.

Good sleep starts the moment you wake up. Anchor your day with morning light, move your body, eat nourishing foods at regular times, and give yourself permission to wind down in the evening. Over time, these small actions can lead to profound changes in your energy, focus, mood, and overall health.

If blue light has been disrupting your nights, now is the perfect time to reset your routine and prioritise rest — your body and brain will thank you.

How well do you sleep? Do you limit your exposure to blue light after sunset? I’d love to hear your sleep tips in the comments below!

The Paleo Diet Phytonutrients Anthocyanins Catechins-min

Phytonutrients & The Paleo Diet

Phytonutrients are compounds which are found in natural plant based foods and these are known to offer a range of health benefits to the human body. The bright colours which are found in a range of fruits and vegetables, such as carrots, pepper and squash are thought to be the cause of phytonutrients.

There are a range of phytonutrients found in our foods and these all offer different benefits to our health. Anthocyanins for instance, are thought to help us burn fat more easily and these are found in foods such as blackberries and blueberries. Another member of the phytonutrients family is carotenoids which may help to reduce our risk of cancer and can also help to slow down the ageing process. These are found in carrots, tomatoes and lettuce. Catechins are those phytonutrients which act as a great accelerator for weight loss and these are mainly found in green tea. Flavonoids are abundant in cherries, grapes and berries and these also help to reduce the risk of cancer. It is, therefore, a good idea to have a mix of these foods so you are consuming a variety of types of phytonutrients which will offer a range of health benefits.

The benefits of phytonutrients are wide ranging and are of utmost important as they include a reduction in the chances of suffering from life threatening illnesses such as cancer and heart disease. It is also thought that phytonutrients can help reduce our chances of suffering from mental health illnesses, including Alzheimer’s. The reason for this is that foods which are rich in phytonutrients also act as antioxidants, which can do wonders in improving our immune system and the function of our hormones. They are important nutrients for helping our bodies to heal more effectively and are a good way to promote the healthy functioning of our main organs.

The Paleo Diet – Phytonutrients, Anthocyanins, and Catechins

It is important to consume a good mixture of phytonutrients, which is why the Paleo diet is the most successful in ensuring our bodies remain healthy for as long as possible. As we follow the diet, we are consuming lots of different fruits and vegetables, which provide us with a range of phytonutrients for a healthier lifestyle. Nuts and seeds also contain phytonutrients which makes them a great choice for a snack on the Paleo diet. They are also present in herbal teas, which is a good enough reason to switch from coffee to this healthier drink choice.

These food groups are not only important for a high intake of phytonutrients, they also provide the body with a range of other nutrients, which all work together to maximise the health benefits. The Paleo diet is a great way to ensure we are consuming the right mix of a variety of healthy foods to get the best possible benefits from them. There are many diets which don’t even consider the benefits of phytonutrients and other plant based nutrients and this is the reason the Paleo diet is one of the most successful and important around.

A healthy meal on the Paleo diet will usually consist of a good portion of meat or fish, together with a serving of fresh fruit and if you stick to eating this every day, you will be promoting your intake of phytonutrients, as well as all of the other health benefits these offer. A snack of nuts and seeds or fruit will offer additional health benefits and will help you to look and feel as good as you possibly can.

Phytonutrients can also be found in supplements but it is much more effective to consume the right foods and take good care of our diet, as this can offer other health benefits and is a much better way of managing our intake of these nutrients. It is just about having good awareness when following the Paleo diet and ensuring we consume a good mix of different foods, rather than sticking to the same all the time.

The addition of these phytonutrients will not only reduce the risk of suffering from serious illnesses, but it can also help to reverse the illness, which is why it is vitally important to start and stick to the Paleo diet at any time in our lives. The sooner we start to realise the health benefits of the Paleo diet, the more we can look forward to a long and healthy life.

Different Classes of Phytonutrients and Their Specific Roles

There are over 25,000 known phytonutrients, which are typically grouped into several major families. Each group contains individual compounds that play different roles in maintaining and enhancing health. Understanding these categories can help you diversify your diet and ensure you're consuming a broad range of protective plant compounds.

  • Glucosinolates: Found in cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, cabbage, and kale, these compounds have been shown to support liver detoxification and may help the body neutralise carcinogens.
  • Saponins: Common in legumes (not typically Paleo), some saponins can be found in herbs like ginseng and licorice root, and are being studied for their immune-boosting and cholesterol-lowering properties.
  • Lignans: Found in seeds (especially flaxseeds), some vegetables, and grains (which are excluded in Paleo), lignans have weak phytoestrogen activity and may contribute to hormonal balance and reduced cancer risk.
  • Resveratrol: Found in the skin of red grapes and berries, this phytonutrient has been associated with anti-inflammatory and anti-ageing effects, particularly on cardiovascular health.
  • Curcuminoids: Present in turmeric, curcumin is a powerful anti-inflammatory compound that supports joint health, digestion, and may help reduce the risk of chronic disease.

Why Phytonutrient Density Matters

It’s not just the presence of phytonutrients that matters — it’s the density. Colourful fruits and vegetables that grow in nutrient-rich soil tend to have higher concentrations of these compounds. This is one of the many reasons why choosing organic, seasonal, and locally sourced produce is encouraged on the Paleo diet. The closer your food is to its natural state and the less it has travelled, the more intact its beneficial compounds are likely to be.

Eating seasonally also helps vary your phytonutrient intake throughout the year. For instance, summer berries are rich in anthocyanins and flavonoids, while winter greens offer glucosinolates and carotenoids. Nature provides different protective compounds depending on the season — yet another reason to shop at local markets or grow your own produce if possible.

Maximising Phytonutrient Absorption

It’s not just what you eat, but how you eat it that counts. Certain phytonutrients are fat-soluble, which means you’ll absorb them more effectively when consumed with healthy fats. For example, drizzling olive oil over your salad or cooking your vegetables in coconut oil helps your body unlock fat-soluble carotenoids like beta-carotene, lutein, and lycopene.

Light cooking methods such as steaming or sautéing can sometimes increase the bioavailability of these compounds. For example, cooking tomatoes boosts the amount of absorbable lycopene. However, overcooking can destroy other heat-sensitive compounds like vitamin C and some flavonoids, so it's a good idea to include a mix of raw and cooked plant foods in your diet.

Balancing Phytonutrients With Other Paleo Principles

The Paleo diet encourages a balance between plant and animal foods, and phytonutrients are a key reason why plants should remain central on your plate. While high-quality meats and healthy fats are essential for nutrient density and satiety, the addition of colourful vegetables and seasonal fruits provides the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory support needed for true long-term health.

Some people following a stricter version of Paleo may unintentionally under-consume plant foods, focusing heavily on meat and fat. However, a well-rounded Paleo plate ideally includes a wide variety of non-starchy vegetables and some lower-sugar fruits — especially those that are rich in skin pigments, like berries, cherries, and dark leafy greens.

Phytonutrients and Gut Health

Many phytonutrients also function as prebiotics — compounds that feed and support the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. Polyphenols, in particular, are known to interact with the microbiome, promoting a healthy gut environment that supports digestion, mental health, and immune resilience. Foods such as green tea, cocoa (in raw, unsweetened form), berries, and artichokes all contain polyphenols that benefit the microbiota.

This is especially relevant for those recovering from gut issues or working to heal leaky gut. By including a wider range of plant-based foods rich in phytonutrients, you’re actively supporting the diversity and strength of your gut ecosystem — a cornerstone of the Paleo philosophy.

Practical Ways to Boost Your Phytonutrient Intake

  • Eat a rainbow: Try to include at least three different colours of vegetables in every meal.
  • Snack smart: Choose raw carrots, capsicum, berries, or a few nuts and seeds over processed options.
  • Drink herbal teas: Green tea, rooibos, and hibiscus are all phytonutrient-rich options.
  • Spice it up: Use turmeric, ginger, cinnamon, and fresh herbs liberally in your cooking.
  • Explore root and tuber variety: Parsnips, turnips, and purple sweet potatoes all offer unique compounds.

Final Thoughts on Phytonutrients and the Paleo Diet

Incorporating a variety of phytonutrient-rich foods into your Paleo lifestyle is one of the most powerful ways to protect your body from inflammation, oxidative stress, and chronic disease. By choosing vibrant, seasonal, and nutrient-dense produce — and preparing it with care — you’re giving your body the support it needs to function optimally.

Whether you’re new to Paleo or have followed the lifestyle for years, take a fresh look at your meals and ask yourself: am I eating enough colour? If not, now is the perfect time to expand your variety, explore new plant foods, and harness the protective power of phytonutrients, one bite at a time.

Zinc and the paleo diet deficiency-min

Zinc & The Paleo Diet

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Zinc is one of the key minerals which are required in the body in order to maintain a healthy body and lifestyle. It offers a vast range of health benefits, including improved cardiovascular performance and a clearer complexion. It is also thought that high levels of zinc in the body can help to stave off serious illnesses such as diabetes and cancer. Zinc is traceable in all of the tissues throughout the body, which is why it is so important to keep the levels at a consistent rate.

Zinc is also an antioxidant which is essential for the immune system and to help keep the body in working order. There are a range of notable side effects which can result from low zinc levels in the body, including a decline in energy levels, inability to concentrate and a lack of memory. The side effects can be severe and they can result in more serious conditions, such as infertility and problems in cardiovascular health. The proper function of red and white blood cells relies on good levels of zinc throughout the body, which means it is essential in maintaining a good health.

If you suffer from a lot of flus and colds and they take a while to shift, it may be because your zinc levels are too low. If you notice white spots on your fingernails, it may be due to a lack of zinc or other essential minerals. A sufficient amount of zinc is thought to be around 20mg, which isn't really a lot and is quite easy to introduce into your diet.  If you suffer from skin conditions such as acne, it is a good idea to try and increase your level of zinc, rather than using creams.

Zinc deficiency and the Paleo diet
A lack of zinc as well as other minerals and vitamins, can lead to malnutrition and the body failing to function the way it should. It is important to ensure the right amount of zinc is consumed as too much can cause other illnesses such as anaemia. It is not healthy to substitute zinc with high levels of other minerals as it is essential for the proper functioning of our bodies.

Levels of zinc can be improved through the consumption of the right food groups and a healthy diet. The Paleo diet is one which helps to promote good levels of zinc due to the fact that it involves eating large quantities of meats, seafood and fish. These foods are high in zinc levels and as such, are important to ensure a healthy diet is maintained. There are lots of other foods which are high in zinc, so there is no need to feel deprived on the Paleo diet, including seeds, nuts and roasted pumpkin seeds which are also full of other essential minerals.

As the Paleo diet is low in foods which contain phytic acid, it really helps to enhance the levels of zinc as the phytic acid prevents the minerals from being absorbed into the system. The main foods which the Paleo diet encourages followers to stay away from, including whole grains and legumes may contain zinc but as they also contain high levels of phytic acid. As a result, they don’t allow zinc to be absorbed into the body, which means they are not beneficial to staving off these serious illnesses.

It is essential to follow a diet which allows zinc and other key minerals to be absorbed into the bloodstream, which is why the Paleo follows a strict range of food groups which are beneficial to the body and in no way detrimental. These food groups are not only rich in zinc but are also full of vitamins and nutrients which encourages the body to function properly.

It is human nature to wait until something affects us before we take some action to resolve the problem and some of the side effects of low levels of zinc can be easily dismissed as just feeling under the weather, until they become more severe. The Paleo diet, if followed correctly, will really help to improve zinc levels and there should be noticeable improvements in energy and concentration levels, particularly if these have declined in recent times.

You will also start to notice the difference in your skin as it will become clearer and will have a healthy glow. It is quite simple to incorporate zinc into the Paleo diet as most of the foods will contain a good level of it and it is worth it for the numerous health benefits.

Another key benefit of zinc that deserves attention is its essential role in wound healing and tissue repair. This is especially important for anyone engaged in physical activity or recovering from illness or injury. Zinc supports collagen synthesis and inflammatory response modulation, both crucial elements in the healing process. People following a Paleo lifestyle who include zinc-rich foods regularly may notice faster recovery times from minor cuts, bruises, or more intense muscular strains.

It's also worth exploring zinc’s influence on hormonal balance. Zinc plays a part in testosterone production, which is not only important for men’s health but also for muscle development, metabolism, and overall energy in both men and women. Some studies have linked zinc deficiency with reduced testosterone levels, and restoring adequate intake can lead to noticeable improvements in vitality, stamina, and strength. This is especially relevant for those following a fitness-focused Paleo regime.

In the context of mental health and cognition, zinc contributes to neuroplasticity and brain function. Low levels of zinc have been associated with mood disorders such as depression and anxiety. Zinc helps regulate neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, which influence mood, memory, and focus. For those who often experience mental fog or lack of motivation, ensuring proper zinc intake through Paleo-friendly whole foods might yield surprising cognitive benefits.

Pregnant and breastfeeding women have higher zinc requirements, as it plays a vital role in fetal development and immune support for both mother and baby. Including zinc-rich foods such as grass-fed beef, lamb, oysters, and eggs can help meet these increased nutritional demands without relying on supplements. As always, it's best to consult with a healthcare professional for personalised guidance, especially during pregnancy.

Bioavailability is another essential factor to consider. As mentioned, the Paleo diet avoids grains and legumes, which contain phytic acid – a compound that binds to minerals like zinc and inhibits absorption. This makes Paleo naturally more supportive of zinc uptake. Additionally, preparing vegetables properly (e.g., soaking, fermenting, or sprouting) can further reduce antinutrients and enhance overall mineral absorption.

When looking to boost your zinc intake, here are some of the top Paleo-approved sources to incorporate regularly:

  • Oysters: Among the richest sources of zinc available. A single serving can offer over 300% of the daily recommended intake.
  • Grass-fed beef: A practical and widely available source, with excellent zinc content in cuts like chuck and sirloin.
  • Lamb: Another red meat option that provides a healthy dose of zinc along with iron and B vitamins.
  • Chicken thighs and drumsticks: Dark meat tends to have higher zinc levels than breast meat, making it a solid choice.
  • Pumpkin seeds: Great as a snack or salad topper; just a small handful contributes a significant amount of zinc.
  • Cashews: While slightly lower in zinc than pumpkin seeds, they still provide a helpful contribution and are a great Paleo-friendly snack.
  • Egg yolks: Not only a good source of zinc but also rich in choline and other vital nutrients.
  • Sardines: These small oily fish offer zinc, calcium, and omega-3s, making them an all-round powerhouse food.

Some Paleo followers also enjoy incorporating bone broth, which can contribute trace amounts of zinc while supporting gut health and providing collagen. Making bone broth at home from pasture-raised animal bones ensures the most nutrient-dense result and fits perfectly into a Paleo kitchen routine.

While dietary sources are the best option, some people may still consider supplementation – particularly if they have a medical condition that impairs nutrient absorption or are on a restrictive version of Paleo. Zinc supplements are available in various forms, such as zinc gluconate, zinc picolinate, or zinc citrate. If you’re considering supplementation, it’s important to stay within recommended limits, as excessive zinc can interfere with copper absorption and lead to imbalances.

For those tracking their nutrient intake more closely, apps like Cronometer can help estimate daily zinc intake based on your food log. This may help identify any recurring gaps and prompt you to include more of the high-zinc options listed above. Keeping track ensures that your Paleo diet remains not only aligned with ancestral principles but also nutritionally robust in the modern world.

Ultimately, the inclusion of zinc-rich whole foods in your Paleo approach supports more than just immune resilience – it enhances energy, cognition, skin clarity, muscle repair, and hormonal balance. By paying attention to the mineral content of your meals, you can optimise both short-term wellbeing and long-term health outcomes without relying on synthetic additives or processed food solutions.

16 reasons you should eat more bone broth stock-min

16 Reasons You Should Eat More Bone Broth!

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Bone broth (or stock), put simply, is made by boiling up animal bones. You can add in some veggies and herbs – but the most important thing is that the bones are from healthy animals (or fish) that were raised organically, humanely on a pasture, or in the wild; i.e. from grass fed cattle, pastured poultry or wild caught fish. Using some apple cider vinegar when making the broth helps draw the mineral s and nutrients from the bones – and make sure you break of crack the bones, to ensure you can access all of the nutrients and minerals contained in the marrow inside.

Whilst you can buy it, you definitely want to make your own to be sure it’s from good quality animals – without any nasty added extras. You can try beef, bison, fish, chicken, lamb or even venison broth.

16 Reasons You Should Eat More Bone Broth or Stock

1. It is really cheap to make (your butcher or local farmer may even give you bones for free – or save the bones from your own cooking)

2. If you’re sick with no appetite, bone broth is easy to drink and will replenish much needed nutrients in your body – whilst the gelatin content will help to neutralise a virus.

3. Bone broth is high in a very usable form of calcium, magnesium, silicon, sulphur and phosphorous – not to mention lots of other trace nutrients

4. Broth is a great way to use up parts of the animal you wouldn't know what to do with – try adding in heads, feet, necks and skin!

5. Broth is a great base for many meals such as soups, stews – and a delicious home-made gravy

6. It virtually cooks itself – leave it in your slow cooker and come home to an almost ready bone broth

7. The high collagen content is great for your joints, hair, skin and nails.

8. It is even cheaper to make if you use bones of less expensive meat such as lamb and goat

9. The connective tissue in ligaments and joints are kept healthy thanks to the high concentration of the amino acids proline and glycine in bone broth.

10. You can make up a huge batch of broth and freeze it in individual portions – giving you a meal base on hand whenever you need it.

11. By encouraging smooth connective tissue, bone broth is said to be a natural cure for cellulite

12. Damaged gut lining is healed by the gelatin – which offers relief to gastrointestinal issues such as IBS, Crohn’s disease as well as constipation, diarrhea, food sensitivities and of course leaky gut.

13. The gelatin content helps aid digestion

14. The amino acid glycine (found in high concentrations in bone broth) is great to help detoxify the liver

15. Chondroitin Sulfate, found in bone broth, has not only be found to help with joint pain from osteoarthritis, it also helps to lower atherosclerosis.

16. It tastes good!

If you want to know even more about bone broth – and get lots of great recipes to make your own – check out Bone Broth: A Recipe For Health which is packed with recipes, information, tips and tricks.

Why Bone Broth Deserves a Spot in Your Paleo Meal Plan

Bone broth isn’t just a passing trend — it’s a return to the traditional way our ancestors extracted nutrition from every part of the animal. For those following a Paleo diet, bone broth offers a nutrient-dense, gut-healing, and budget-friendly addition to your weekly routine.

The combination of gelatin, collagen, amino acids like glycine and proline, and a broad spectrum of minerals makes bone broth a true superfood. It supports everything from joint health and digestion to skin elasticity, immune function, and even better sleep (thanks to the calming effects of glycine).

Making your own is easy. Throw bones into a slow cooker or Instant Pot with a splash of apple cider vinegar, cover with water, add herbs or veg scraps, and simmer low and slow for 12–24 hours. Once strained, you can store it in the fridge or freezer and use it throughout the week.

Use broth as a base for soups, stews, curries, or even just sip it on its own as a warming, nourishing drink. You can also freeze it in silicone muffin trays or ice cube trays for easy single-use portions.

If you haven’t added bone broth to your Paleo kitchen routine, now’s the time. It’s an easy way to boost your nutrient intake, reduce food waste, and make meals more satisfying.

Different Bones, Different Benefits

Not all bones are equal when it comes to making nourishing broth. Depending on which type you use, you can adjust the final flavour, nutrient profile, and texture. Marrow bones add richness and a creamy mouthfeel, while knuckle and joint bones are gelatin powerhouses. Feet, especially chicken feet, are loaded with collagen. Fish heads and carcasses yield a lighter, more delicate broth that's full of iodine and omega-3s.

If you’re new to broth making, try combining several types of bones to get a balanced mix of gelatin, minerals, and flavour. For example, mix marrow bones with a few joint bones and some meaty bones like oxtail. Always roast beef or lamb bones before simmering to deepen the flavour, but skip this step for poultry or fish for a cleaner taste.

How to Make Bone Broth Taste Even Better

While the health benefits of bone broth are undeniable, not everyone falls in love with the flavour on their first try. Fortunately, there are simple ways to enhance it without compromising its nutritional value:

  • Add aromatic herbs: Bay leaves, thyme, rosemary, or parsley stems add subtle depth.
  • Use onion, garlic, and celery: These add natural umami and richness to your broth.
  • Include a few mushrooms: Dried or fresh mushrooms (shiitake, porcini) boost savouriness and have added immune benefits.
  • Finish with sea salt or lemon juice: Season just before serving to brighten the flavour.

Don’t forget to skim the foam that rises to the top during the first hour of simmering—it helps clarify the broth and results in a cleaner-tasting final product.

Best Practices for Storing and Reheating Bone Broth

Once your broth has cooled, store it in the fridge for up to five days, or freeze it for long-term use. Glass jars are perfect for the fridge, but if you’re freezing broth, always leave space for expansion and avoid overfilling.

For convenience, freeze broth in silicone trays, then transfer the cubes to a zip-top bag. This way, you can easily defrost single portions to cook quinoa, steam veggies, or sip as a morning tonic.

When reheating, do it slowly over the stove rather than in the microwave, as high temperatures can degrade some of the beneficial compounds like gelatin. A gentle simmer is all that’s needed to bring your broth back to life.

Bone Broth for Fasting and Gut Healing

Bone broth is an excellent tool for those following intermittent fasting or therapeutic protocols like the GAPS or AIP diets. It provides nourishment without taxing the digestive system, making it ideal for gut rest days or when recovering from illness.

The gelatin in broth coats the digestive tract, while glycine supports liver function and detoxification. It can also stabilise blood sugar between meals, especially when consumed as a mid-morning or late-afternoon drink. Many people find it helps curb sugar cravings and maintain focus during fasted periods.

Using Bone Broth in Everyday Cooking

There are so many more ways to use broth than just soup. Try these creative ideas:

  • Replace water with broth when cooking rice or cauliflower rice
  • Add to stir-fries for moisture and flavour without extra oil
  • Deglaze pans after searing meat or vegetables
  • Use as a base for Paleo sauces or reductions
  • Blend with roasted veggies for a simple, creamy soup

You can even use bone broth in savoury baking, such as incorporating it into Paleo breads, muffins, or savoury pies. It’s a subtle but nutrient-boosting swap that brings added flavour to your recipes.

Choosing the Right Cooking Time

The length of time you simmer your bones can affect the final taste and nutrient content. Here’s a general guide:

  • Chicken bones: 12–24 hours
  • Beef or lamb bones: 24–48 hours
  • Fish bones: 4–6 hours

For maximum nutrition, especially gelatin and minerals, go longer. But if you’re after a lighter flavour or a quicker cooking time, shorter is fine too. An Instant Pot can speed this process up significantly, allowing you to extract nutrients in just a few hours without the long simmer.

Can You Drink Bone Broth Every Day?

Yes, and many people do. A mug of bone broth daily can support everything from gut health and immune resilience to reducing inflammation. If you're new to broth, start with a small amount and increase gradually. Some people with histamine sensitivity may prefer shorter cooking times or fresher broth for better tolerance.

Consistency is key. Like any dietary habit, the benefits of bone broth are cumulative. Incorporate it into your weekly meal plan, and over time, you’re likely to notice improvements in skin, digestion, energy, and overall wellbeing.

Join the Bone Broth Revival

Bone broth may have taken a back seat in recent decades, but it’s clearly making a well-deserved comeback. Whether you're sipping it for breakfast, cooking with it at dinner, or freezing it for future meals, you're tapping into an ancestral tradition that values nourishment, sustainability, and whole-animal eating.

So next time you have bones leftover from dinner, don’t throw them away—throw them into a pot instead. Your body, your budget, and your tastebuds will thank you.

Do you have a favourite bone broth recipe or secret ingredient? Share it in the comments!

The Paleo Diet Phosphorus Mineral Deficiency-min

Phosphorus & The Paleo Diet

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for our bodies and is important in order to ensure we remain healthy. It helps the cells and tissues to not only function properly, but also to grow. In order for the bones and teeth to form properly, it is important that we consume the right amount of phosphorus on a daily basis. As phosphorus is a nutrient which is present in all of our cells, it supports the release of energy and enables fats and sugars to be broken down.

In addition to calcium, phosphorus is one of the main minerals found in our bodies and it is just as important as calcium. It is recommended that adults have a reasonable intake of phosphorus on a daily basis and a deficiency in this mineral can be very detrimental to the body. If you suffer from kidney disease, it is recommended that you intake a lower level of phosphorus as it could cause additional problems if you consume too much of this mineral.

There are many signs that you may not have enough phosphorus in your body, including anaemia and a weak immune system. If you notice that you are often feeling run or catching more colds than usual, it may be a sign that your body is lacking in phosphorus or other key nutrients. There is a level of phosphorus found in most foods, so it is quite uncommon to be deficient in this mineral.

It is quite simple to get a good intake of phosphorus on the Paleo diet as it includes an abundance of foods which are high in phosphorus. A normal meal on the Paleo diet will be made up of meat, which is high in phosphorus. It is particular high in grass-fed meat and this is highly recommended with the Paleo diet. If you stock up on vegetables with your meal, you will also be able to increase your intake of phosphorus. Broccoli in particular is a really good source of phosphorus.

The Paleo Diet and Phosphorus – Understanding Mineral Deficiency

If you enjoy a snack on the Paleo diet, you should stick to fruits, seeds and nuts as these also contain high levels of phosphorus. It is important not to overdo your phosphorus levels, but still to the recommended daily intake. A good breakfast choice for improving your intake of phosphorus on the Paleo diet is eggs, which also offers many other health benefits. You can also try out some different choice of food such as pumpkins, which are not only really tasty but also have a good level of phosphorus.

There are supplements you can take which will help to enhance the level of phosphorus in your body, but it is much healthier to ensure you are taking in the right foods. Supplements should only really be used as a substitute for the intake from your foods, but with the Paleo diet you don’t need to worry, as most of the food groups have this in abundance.

As long as you eat a healthy and balanced diet, it should be really easy to incorporate your recommended daily intake of phosphorus through the foods you consume. It is a good idea to take a note of the phosphorus levels of your foods, particularly when you first start out on the Paleo diet, as it is a good way to ensure you are taking in the right level. A level of phosphorus which is too high can be just as damaging to the body as too little. You will quickly get used to how much phosphorus your food contains, so you won’t need to keep taking note of these for long.

There are many people who have the misconception that calcium is the only mineral in the body which helps to take care of our bones and teeth, but phosphorus is just as essential for the healthy functioning of the body. It is not beneficial to substitute phosphorus for more of the other essential nutrients, as they all play different parts in the proper functioning of our bodies.

When you follow the Paleo diet and stick to all of the recommended foods, you will be guaranteed to take in high levels of the right vitamins and minerals to help your body function to its optimum level. It is easy to exchange the foods you would normally consume for those on the Paleo diet and you will enjoy noticeable changes in both how you feel and how you look. A good level of phosphorus will help to ensure you stay healthier for longer.

Phosphorus-Rich Foods to Boost Your Paleo Diet

Now that you understand the role phosphorus plays in the body, let’s explore some specific Paleo-friendly foods that are excellent sources of this essential mineral. While meats and vegetables are great, some lesser-known options can add variety and extra nutrients to your plate.

  • Organ meats: Liver, especially from grass-fed animals, is one of the most nutrient-dense foods and contains a rich supply of phosphorus along with iron, vitamin A, and other minerals.
  • Shellfish: For those who tolerate seafood on a Paleo plan, scallops and prawns are excellent phosphorus-rich options and provide a nice break from the usual meats.
  • Brazil nuts: In addition to being high in selenium, these nuts provide a solid phosphorus punch. However, moderation is key due to their high calorie and fat content.
  • Chia seeds: A great Paleo-approved source of fibre, chia seeds also provide phosphorus and are easy to incorporate into smoothies or sprinkled over salads.
  • Brussels sprouts: A less talked about cruciferous vegetable, they are not only high in fibre and antioxidants but also a decent source of phosphorus.

Balancing Your Intake of Phosphorus with Other Nutrients

Phosphorus doesn’t work in isolation. To get the full benefit, it should be balanced with other key nutrients like magnesium and vitamin D. These work synergistically with phosphorus and calcium to support strong bones and metabolic health.

Magnesium helps regulate phosphorus absorption and keeps calcium in balance. Good Paleo sources include spinach, pumpkin seeds, and dark chocolate (the real, unsweetened kind). Vitamin D can be obtained through sensible sun exposure and fatty fish like sardines and salmon — or consider supplementation if you're deficient.

Understanding Phosphorus Bioavailability

It’s worth noting that phosphorus from animal-based foods is generally more bioavailable — meaning your body can absorb it more easily — compared to plant-based sources. That’s because phosphorus in plants is often stored as phytic acid, which humans can’t digest efficiently. However, traditional food preparation methods like soaking, sprouting, or fermenting nuts and seeds can help reduce phytic acid and improve absorption.

This is one more reason why whole, unprocessed foods in their natural form — as championed by the Paleo diet — offer a significant advantage in nutrient absorption over ultra-processed meals.

Signs of Phosphorus Imbalance

Beyond common deficiency signs like fatigue, irritability, and muscle weakness, an imbalance in phosphorus levels can be linked to more serious concerns. Low phosphorus levels may impair recovery from injury or workouts, while excessively high levels — often caused by supplements or processed foods — can lead to mineral imbalances, calcification of tissues, and kidney strain.

Monitoring your intake doesn’t have to mean obsessive tracking. As long as you’re sticking to whole Paleo foods and varying your diet, you’re likely getting the right balance.

Phosphorus and Physical Performance

If you’re active or engaging in regular training, phosphorus can play a role in supporting recovery and energy metabolism. It helps in the production of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the molecule your body uses to store and transfer energy during exercise. A steady intake of phosphorus-rich foods can support muscle recovery and reduce fatigue, especially after intense physical activity.

This makes it a particularly important mineral for athletes or anyone working on improving their fitness and endurance as part of a healthy Paleo lifestyle.

Making Paleo Work for Long-Term Mineral Health

Ultimately, the goal is long-term balance — not just hitting daily targets. If you’re following the Paleo diet properly, you’re already avoiding the major culprits that lead to phosphorus excess, such as sodas, processed foods, and additives containing phosphates. These can spike phosphorus levels and cause imbalances that natural whole foods don’t.

Trust in your ingredients, eat seasonally where possible, and mix up your food choices. That’s the best way to maintain strong bones, a healthy metabolism, and sustained energy — all while staying true to the principles of Paleo.